Performance assessment & synergic operation of algorithmic solutions enabling opportunistic networks– D4.2

Deliverable D4.2 del projecte europeu OneFITPeer ReviewedPostprint (updated version

Formulation, implementation considerations, and first performance evaluation of algorithmic solutions - D4.1

Deliverable D4.1 del projecte Europeu OneFIT (ICT-2009-257385)This deliverable contains a first version of the algorithmic solutions for enabling opportunistic networks. The presented algorithms cover the full range of identified management tasks: suitability, creation, QoS control, reconfiguration and forced terminations. Preliminary evaluations complement the proposed algorithms. Implementation considerations towards the practicality of the considered algorithms are also included.Preprin

Molecular and pathological signatures of epithelial–mesenchymal transitions at the cancer invasion front

Reduction of epithelial cell–cell adhesion via the transcriptional repression of cadherins in combination with the acquisition of mesenchymal properties are key determinants of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is associated with early stages of carcinogenesis, cancer invasion and recurrence. Furthermore, the tumor stroma dictates EMT through intensive bidirectional communication. The pathological analysis of EMT signatures is critically, especially to determine the presence of cancer cells at the resection margins of a tumor. When diffusion barriers disappear, EMT markers may be detected in sera from cancer patients. The detection of EMT signatures is not only important for diagnosis but can also be exploited to enhance classical chemotherapy treatments. In conclusion, further detailed understanding of the contextual cues and molecular mediators that control EMT will be required in order to develop diagnostic tools and small molecule inhibitors with potential clinical implications

Spectrum-aware routing in cognitive radio MANETs.

Cognitive Radio (CR) provides a promising means to the more efficient use of available spectrum. Routing in multi-hop wireless networks remains challenging and introduction of CR technology has created additional demands on routing within Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (CR-MANETs). To address these challenges, spectrum-aware routing protocols aiming at dynamic utilization of the so-called spectrum opportunities have been developed recently to improve end-to-end performance of the network for example in terms of Delay, Packet Loss and Throughput. One of the bottlenecks in the performance of ad hoc networks has been the lack of a load balancing mechanism. With the addition of potential routing opportunities introduced by CR technology, a load balanced routing protocol which can utilize SOPs into the load balancing mechanism is a missing puzzle in the problem of routing in CR-technology. Quantum game theory provides a framework to utilize entangled particles with the aim of affecting decision-making process of distant players. Hence, this theory has the potential to be used as a framework to target the load balancing problem in ad hoc networks. First, a novel spectrum-aware routing protocol based on OLSR as the basis of implementation is proposed in this research. The proposed algorithm utilizes ETX as the link quality estimation metric and provides the best weigh end-to-end paths based on generalization of Dijkstra’s algorithm to multigraphs. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing baseline OLSR routing algorithm. Due to the instability in the end-to-end delay performance of the proposed algorithm, backpressure algorithm is identified as a potential solution to stabilize queues in the network and target the shortcoming of the proposed algorithm. Hence, a novel spectrum-aware routing algorithm based on backpressure load balancing mechanism is proposed and compared against the baseline OLSR and the proposed spectrum-aware OLSR algorithm. The OLSR backpressure spectrum-aware (OLSR-BSA) routing algorithm not only optimizes route computation based on the predefined cost metric but also incorporates the queue gradients of backpressure algorithm to perform load balancing. The results proof that the backpressure algorithm can efficiently utilize the SOPs in the load balancing optimization problem and results a performance and stability gain both in terms of end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio. The instability resulted by inaccuracy of queue information in the proposed OLSR-BSA algorithm motivated our research to explore the problem of load balancing from a completely new perspective of quantum game theory. We have formulated the problem of load balancing in ad hoc networks using quantum game theory and proposed a novel routing algorithm so called Quantum Load Balanced OLSR (QLB-OLSR). The simulation results demonstrate a significant load balancing stability gain against the baseline OLSR routing algorithm. Key words: Spectrum, Routing, Cognitive Radio, Spectrum-aware routing, Backpressure Algorithm, Quantum Game Theory, Quantum Load balancing Email: [email protected]

The Pattern of Drug Abuse in Anonymous Adidcts

Objective: Having the information about pattern of substance abuse in the community and its epidemiological features is one of the most important protocols for evaluation, follow–up and control of the use of these substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns of substances abuse among narcotic anonymous (N. A. ) addicted patients. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study, three hundred patients from narcotic abusers anonymous (N. A. ) association who were referred to a treatment center in Tehran were participated consecutively. The information about demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, type of drug and the patterns of substance abuse of all cases were collected by researcher made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi–Square test. Results: 80% of the patients were male. Almost 65. 2% of cases aged less than 40 years. More than two–third of cases had free jobs and 21. 2% of them were unemployed. Also, 32% of patients had college degrees. The most common types of abused substance were opium (88%), cigarette (76.7%), and alcohol (63%) and 34% of them used substances intravenously. The use of alcohol (P=0.033), cannabis (P<0.001), cocaine (P=0.009) and ecstasy (P<0.001) was more prevalent significantly in the cases less than 40 years old than the elderly. Conclusion: It seems that the trend of substance abuse has been changed to younger population. The pattern of drug abuse in young adults is more toward psychosis drugs such as cocaine and ecstasy

Quantum Load Balancing in Ad Hoc Networks

this paper presents a novel approach in targeting load balancing in ad hoc networks utilizing the properties of quantum game theory. This approach benefits from the instantaneous and information-less capability of entangled particles to synchronize the load balancing strategies in ad hoc networks. The Quantum Load Balancing (QLB) algorithm proposed by this work is implemented on top of OLSR as the baseline routing protocol; its performance is analyzed against the baseline OLSR, and considerable gain is reported regarding some of the main QoS metrics such as delay and jitter. Furthermore, it is shown that QLB algorithm supports a solid stability gain in terms of throughput which stands a proof of concept for the load-balancing properties of the proposed theory

Quantum Load Balancing in Ad Hoc Networks

this paper presents a novel approach in targeting load balancing in ad hoc networks utilizing the properties of quantum game theory. This approach benefits from the instantaneous and information-less capability of entangled particles to synchronize the load balancing strategies in ad hoc networks. The Quantum Load Balancing (QLB) algorithm proposed by this work is implemented on top of OLSR as the baseline routing protocol; its performance is analyzed against the baseline OLSR, and considerable gain is reported regarding some of the main QoS metrics such as delay and jitter. Furthermore, it is shown that QLB algorithm supports a solid stability gain in terms of throughput which stands a proof of concept for the load-balancing properties of the proposed theory